Which Was Not an Art Movement During the Age of the Enlightenment?
Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving A Lecture at the Orrery , 1765
In order to understand the move towards Modernism, information technology is important to look back at the middle of the eighteenth century, to a fourth dimension known equally the Enlightenment.
Scientific experiments like the one pictured here were offered as fascinating shows to the public in the mid-eighteenth century. In Joseph Wright of Derby's painting A Philosopher Giving A Lecture at the Orrery(1765), we meet the sit-in of an orrery, a mechanical model of the solar system that was used to demonstrate the motions of the planets effectually the sun—making the universe seem virtually like a clock.
In the eye of the orrery is a gas light, which represents the sun (though the effigy who stands in the foreground with his back to us cake this from our view); the arcs correspond the orbits of the planets. Wright concentrates on the faces of the figures to create a compelling narrative.
With paintings similar these, Wright invented a new subject: scenes of experiments and new machinery, and the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution (think cities, railroads, steam power, gas and then electrical calorie-free, factories, machines, pollution). Wright's fascination with light, strange shadows, and darkness, reveals the influence of Baroque art.
Enlightenment
Toward the middle of the eighteenth century a shift in thinking occurred. This shift is known as the Enlightenment. You accept probably already heard of some of import Enlightenment figures, similar Rousseau, Diderot and Voltaire. Information technology is helpful I think to think almost the give-and-take "enlighten" hither—the thought of shedding light on something, illuminating it, making it clear.
The thinkers of the Enlightenment, influenced by the scientific revolutions of the previous century, believed in shedding the lite of science and reason on the world, and in social club to question traditional ideas and ways of doing things. The scientific revolution (based on empirical observation, and non on metaphysics or spirituality) gave the impression that the universe behaved according to universal and unchanging laws (think of Newton here). This provided a model for looking rationally on human institutions besides every bit nature.
Reason and Equality
Rousseau, for instance, began to question the idea of the divine right of Kings. In The Social Contract, he wrote that the King does not, in fact, receive his power from God, but rather from the general volition of the people. This, of course, implies that "the people" can also have away that power! The Enlightenment thinkers also discussed other ideas that are the founding principles of any democracy—the thought of the importance of the individual who tin reason for himself, the idea of equality under the law, and the idea of natural rights. The Enlightenment was a period of profound optimism, a sense that with scientific discipline and reason—and the consequent shedding of one-time superstitions—human beings and homo society would better.
Y'all tin can probably tell already that the Enlightenment was anti-clerical; it was, for the virtually part, opposed to traditional Catholicism. Instead, the Enlightenment thinkers developed a fashion of understanding the universe chosen Deism—the idea, more or less, is that there is a God, just that this God is not the figure of the Quondam and New Testaments, actively involved in homo affairs. He is more similar a watchmaker who, once he makes the watch and winds information technology, has zilch more to exercise with it.
The Enlightenment, the Monarchy, and the Revolution
The Enlightenment encouraged criticism of the corruption of the monarchy (at this point King Louis Xvi), and the aristocracy. Enlightenment thinkers condemned Rococo art for beingness immoral and indecent, and chosen for a new kind of fine art that would exist moral instead of immoral, and teach people right and wrong.
Denis Diderot, Enlightenment philosopher, writer and fine art critic, wrote that the aim of art was "to make virtue attractive, vice odious, ridicule forceful; that is the aim of every honest man who takes up the pen, the brush or the chisel' (Essai sur la peinture).
These new ways of thinking, combined with a fiscal crunch (the country was literally broke) and poor harvests left many ordinary French people both angry and hungry. In 1789, the French Revolution began. In its get-go stage, all the revolutionaries inquire for is a constitution that would limit the power of the king.
Ultimately the idea of a constitution failed, and the revolution entered a more radical phase. In 1792, Louis XVI and his married woman Marie Antoinette, were beheaded forth with thousands of other aristocrats believed to be loyal to the monarchy.
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-sac-artappreciation/chapter/reading-1700-1800-age-of-enlightenment/
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